HS-PS4-4

Evaluate the validity and reliability of claims in published materials of the effects that different frequencies of electromagnetic radiation have when absorbed by matter.

  1. Physics

    Explainer: Understanding waves and wavelengths

    A wave is a disturbance that moves energy from one place to another. Only energy — not matter — is transferred as a wave moves.

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  2. Health & Medicine

    Experts rethink need for X-ray shielding of patients

    For close to 70 years, workers who perform X-ray scans of the body have been advised to shield sensitive tissues with lead 'aprons.' That may soon stop.

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  3. Materials Science

    Here’s how to hide some objects from heat-sensing cameras

    A special coating that conceals temperature information from heat-detecting cameras might someday be used as a privacy shield.

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  4. Physics

    Here’s how quantum mechanics lets heat cross a vacuum

    Heat can move across a vacuum if the span is small enough. As in really, really small. In a new experiment, the gap was only a few hundred nanometers.

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  5. Health & Medicine

    Explainer: What is ultrasound?

    These sound waves, which fall above the range of human hearing, are important in medicine, medical imaging and more.

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  6. Computing

    Fingerprints could help keep kids from dangerous websites

    A teen develops a program that estimates age based on someone’s fingers

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  7. Protecting deer with high-pitched noises

    After her uncle crashed his truck into a deer, this teen decided to find out if there was a sound that would drive the animals away from roads.

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  8. Tech

    Tweaked germs glow to pinpoint buried landmines

    Finding landmines could become much safer with a new technology. It uses genetically modified bacteria that glow under laser light.

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  9. Physics

    Weird physics warps nearby star’s light

    Scientists have observed a bizarre effect of quantum physics in light coming from a nearby neutron star.

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  10. Oceans

    Creative ways to help coral reefs recover

    Coral reefs are under siege from threats ranging from climate change to explosives. But scientists are developing ways to rebuild reefs before they disappear.

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  11. Tech

    Water sensor quickly detects algal poison

    A new sensor can detect poisons from harmful algae within minutes so that drinking-water plants can start timely treatments.

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  12. Physics

    Explainer: How heat moves

    Energy moves through the universe one of three ways: conduction, convection and radiation. Only radiation can occur through empty space.

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